Al-Amn Magazine

W MEDICAL By Dr. Zahra Khalifa Breas t cancer a hea l t h cha l l enge Earl y detect i on key to success f u l cure ith ongoing international efforts to prevent and combat disease, breast cancer stands out as one of the most prominent health challenges facing women worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, it remains the most common cancer among women, calling for intensified awareness and health education campaigns. Despite its seriousness, early detection increases the chances of recovery and significantly improves survival. With the advancements of our modern era and the increase in studies and research, the survival rate in the early stages may reach more than 90 per cent. Hence, the importance of raising awareness about early detection of breast cancer is highlighted. The world designates October each year as Breast Cancer Awareness Month, with the aim of spreading knowledge about prevention methods, the importance of early screening, and supporting patients and their families. Accurate information can save lives, especially in the Gulf countries, where the health infrastructure is advanced and screening is readily available. The greatest challenge remains breaking cultural barriers. There are some factors that may increase the risk of developing breast cancer, including: advanced age, a family history of breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer, obesity, lack of physical activity, exposure to environmental pollutants such as smoking and alcohol consumption, delayed or infertility, and long-term hormone therapy. However, people without any risk factors may develop breast cancer, so early screening remains key. Breast cancer screenings are not complicated and can be performed in several ways, such as breast self- examination. Women are advised to examine their breasts once a month after the end of their menstrual cycle, starting at the age of 20. The goal is to detect any changes such as a lump, abnormal nipple discharge, changes in skin texture, or changes in the size or shape of the breast. Clinical examinations performed by a physician or trained nurse are also recommended every 2–3 years from the age of 20 to 39, and annually after the age of 40. Mammography is the most important method for detecting cancer in